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'되'와 '돼'는 문자를 주고받는 과정에서 한번쯤 헷갈리는 경우가 발생합니다... (저만 그런가요? ㅎㅎ)
먼저, '돼'는 '되'에 ~어, ~었다, ~어서 등이 붙어서 사용될 때에는 '돼'로 사용합니다. 즉, '돼'는 '되어'의 준말이라는 것이죠.
되었어 : 됐어 되어 : 돼 되었고 : 됐고 되어서 : 돼서
반면, '되' 뒤에 자음이 바로 붙는 경우에는 '되~'로 사용합니다.
되니, 되면, 되고 처럼요.
국립국어원에서는 '되'와 '돼'를 구분하는 쉬운 방법으로 '되'와 '돼'가 들어가는 자리에 '하' 또는 '해'를 넣어서 말이 되는지를 보고 구분하는 방법도 제시합니다.
'됐어 → 했어', 해야돼 → 해야해는 말이 됩니다. 바른 표현이기 때문에 사용해도 된다는 것이고요. '됬고 → 핬고'는 말이 안 됩니다. 잘못된 표현이기 때문에 사용하면 안 된다는 것입니다.
이렇게 '되'와 '돼'를 구분하기 위해서 '하'와 '해'를 넣어보고 판단하면 참 쉽게 정리할 수 있습니다.
728x90 공유하기 게시글 관리 구독하기몽트의 경제노트다른 사람들이 많이 본 글Learn Korean and other languages online with our audio flashcard system and various exercises, such as multiple choice tests, writing exercises, games and listening exercises. Click here to Sign Up Free!Or sign up via Facebook with one click: Click on the English word to see information and examples of that word in use. You might not be able to understand all of the grammar within the example sentences, but most of the grammar used will be introduced by the end of Unit 2. Use these sentences to give yourself a feel for how each word can be used, and maybe even to expose yourself to the grammar that you will be learning shortly. A PDF file neatly presenting these words and extra information can be found here. Nouns: Common Usages: Examples: 영어문법을 공부할 때 예외를 그냥 다 외워야 돼요 신입생만 예외로 하고 모든 학생들이 체육대회에 참가해야 해요 복사기 = photocopier The pronunciation of this word is closer to “복싸기” Examples: 칼라 복사기가 있는 곳을 찾기 위해 한 시간 넘게 걸어 다녔어요 오늘 새로운 복사기가 올 거라서 이 오래된 것을 버려야 돼요 신입생 = freshman The pronunciation of this word is closer to “시닙쌩” Common Usages: Examples: 운명 = fate Common Usages: Examples: 시력 = vision Common Usages: Examples: 시력이 워낙 안 좋아서 화면에 가까이 있어야 되었어요 시력보호를 위해 어렸을 때부터 텔레비전을 멀리서 보는 습관을 갖는 것이 중요해요 조개 = clam Common Usages: Examples: 캐릭터 = character Common Usages: Examples: 좋은 영화배우가 되기 위해서는 자기가 맡은 역할의 캐릭터 분석을 꼼꼼히 해야 해요 캐릭터 산업은 꾸준히 성장하고 있는 산업으로서 더 많은 투자가가 필요합니다 영웅 = hero Examples: 김연아 선수는 모든 대한민국 국민들이 좋아하는 스포츠 영웅과 같은 선수예요 끝까지 최선을 다할 수 있도록 힘을 주신 저의 어머님이 진정한 영웅이에요 신화 = myth Common Usages: Examples: 가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 왕비 = queen Examples: 세계에서 가장 잘 알려진 왕비 중 한 명은 영국의 왕비에요 왕비가 존재하는 나라는 현재 별로 많지 않아요 화면 = screen Notes: This word is used to refer to the screen of something electric – like a television, computer or movie screen. To refer to the screen that keeps bugs out, the word “방충망” should be used. Common Usages: Examples: 울타리 = fence Common Usages: Examples: 강아지가 울타리를 뛰어 넘고 토끼를 뒤따라갔어요 저는 가족이라는 울타리 안에서 행복하게 유년시절을 보냈어요 Verbs: The noun form of this word (“동의”) translates to “an agreement” Common Usages: Examples: 그 규칙에 동의하든지 안 하든지 그 규칙을 따라야 돼요 야당이 새로운 정책에 동의하게 하기 위해 거짓말을 했어요 이 의견에 동의하지 않는 사람은 제 사무실로 오후에 찾아오세요 Conjugate 검토하다 = to review, to examine Common Usages: Examples: 이 자료를 철저히 검토하고 나서 모두들 준비가 되면 회의를 진행하겠습니다 Conjugate 뺏다 = to take something away The pronunciation of this word is closer to “뺃따” Notes: 뺏다 is used when the sentence is in the perspective of the person taking away an object. For example: 뺏기다 is used when the sentence is in the perspective of the person who had the object taken from him/her. Common Usages: Examples: Conjugate 뽑다 = to pull out The pronunciation of this word is closer to “뽑따” Notes: 빼다 and 뽑다 have very similar meanings. 뽑다 is usually used when an object is stuck into something and you need to remove it. For example, when pulling out a hair (which is stuck into your skin) 뽑다 is usually used. However, the usages often overlap. For example, when pulling out a tooth, it is acceptable to say “이빨을 뽑다” or “이빨을 빼다.” Common Usages: Example: It is also used to indicate that one “chooses” amongst a bunch of choices. For example: 그 남자가 어떻게 생겼는지 상관없이 경험이 많아서 우리는 그를 뽑아야 돼요 저는 열 가지 주제 중에 자연이라는 주제를 뽑아서 이에 맞는 설계도를 만들어야 해요 Conjugate 성공하다 = to succeed The noun form of this word (“성공”) translates to “success” Common Usages: Examples: 게임을 하는 것만큼 일을 열심히 하면 성공할 수 있다 가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요 Conjugate 연결하다 = to connect The noun form of this word (“연결”) translates to “a connection” Examples: 핸드폰 배터리가 떨어져서 집에 도착하자마자 충전기에 연결해서 충전을 했어요 Conjugate 협조하다 = to cooperate The noun form of this word (“협조”) translates to “cooperation” Common Usages: Examples: 경찰은 이 지역의 살인사건의 단서를 찾기 위해 지역주민들에게 협조를 구했다 Adjectives: Common Usages: Examples: 이 그림은 각 색깔의 느낌을 생생하게 표현해서 더 높은 가치가 있습니다 Conjugate 성숙하다 = to be mature The pronunciation of this word is closer to “성수카다” Examples: 저는 막내이지만 형과 누나보다 더 성숙해요 보통 청소년기에 여학생들이 남학생들보다 더 성숙해요 Adverbs and Other Words: The pronunciation of this word is closer to “실쩨” Common Usages: Examples: 중학교 때 처음 해리포터 영화를 봤는데 내가 실제로 영화에서 본 장소를 갈 생각을 하니 너무 기분이 좋았다 = When I was in middle school I saw a Harry Potter film for the first time, and thinking about actually living in the place seen in the movie, I felt good. 가까이 = closely This is the adverb form of the adjective 가깝다 Examples: 운명적으로 = fatefully Common Usages: Examples: 운명적으로 같은 장소, 같은 시간에 저는 똑 같은 사람을 마주쳤어요 반말 = casual speaking Notes: 반말 is the word for the “casual speaking” that Korean people use when speaking with friends or somebody in a lower position. The opposite of 반말 is 존댓말. Examples: 워낙 = so/very, by nature Notes: 워낙 has two meanings, and it is often hard to know which meaning is being used in a sentence. One meaning allows it to be used much like “아주” or “매우” to have the meaning of “very.” For example: 그 학생이 워낙 조용해요 = That student is very quiet It can also be used to indicate that something has always been the case. This often translates to “originally” or “by nature,” and is similar to the meaning of “원래” in Korean. For example: 그 학생이 워낙 조용해요 = That student, by nature, is quiet I talked about this with my wife. She said, even for her, it would be difficult to understand/decide which meaning is trying to be used by the speaker. As is typical in Korean, you would have to rely on the context of the conversation to help you decipher the meaning. For help memorizing these words, try using our Memrise tool.
Introduction In this lesson, you will learn how to use ~아/어야 하다 to indicate that something must be done. In addition, you will learn about the word 필요하다 and how it can be used to create a similar meaning as ~아/어야 하다. Let’s get started.
To have to: ~아/어야 하다 / 되다 / 지 / 겠다 By adding ~아/어야 하다 to the stem of a word at the end of a sentence, you can create the meaning of “one has to…” or “one must…” For example: 공부하다 = to study 먹다 = to eat 가다 = to go We can see these used in very simple sentences. For example: 저는 밥을 먹어야 해요 = I have to eat To English speakers, the words “must/have to” and “should” have different meanings. For example, while the following two sentences feel the same to English speakers: I must go to the park, and Using “should” creates a slightly different nuance to English speakers. For example: I should go to the park However, in Korean, “~아/어야 하다” (and the other similar forms introduced later in the lesson) can be translated to “one must/have to” or “one should.” Learners of Korean are often confused at how this one grammatical principle can represent two seemingly different meanings in English. In reality, the difference in English between those two words isn’t very big. Try to step out of your English brain for a minute and realize that these sentences effectively express the same meaning. Using “must” might feel stronger to an English speaker, but the end result of all these sentences is the same: I must go to the park Therefore, sentences like this: 대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 돼요 Could be translated as: If you want to go to University, you must study hard Below are many examples of ~아/어야 하다 in use: 친구를 만나러 지금 가야 해요 = I have to go now to meet my friend 이 일을 끝내고 싶으면 우리는 협조해야 해요 TV를 켜고 싶으면 이것을 TV에 연결해야 해요 책을 읽은 후에 제자리에 둬야 해요 대학교에 가고 싶다면 열심히 공부해야 해요 우리 아들이 핸드폰을 많이 쓰고 있어서 핸드폰을 뺏어야 할 것 같아요 Replacing 하다 with 되다 in ~아/어야 하다 can be done with no difference in meaning. I feel that using 되다 instead of 하다 is much more common in speech. For example: 우리는 빨리 가야 돼 = We have to go fast 성공하고 싶으면 매일 열심히 해야 돼요 모든 사람들이 왕비가 하는 말을 동의해야 돼요 영어문법을 공부할 때 예외를 그냥 다 외워야 돼요 결과를 발표하기 전에 자료를 검토해야 돼요 It is also possible to use “~지” (or the formal equivalent ~죠) instead of 하다 or 되다 in ~아/어 야 하다/되다. Using ~아/어지/죠like this is mostly done in conversation. You can use 지 to create similar sentences to those above with 하다 and 되다. For example: 우리가 빨리 가야지! = We have to go fast! Instead of: Below are more examples: 먹어야지! = You have to eat! Another usage of~지 (or the formal version ~죠) will be introduced in Lesson 93. It is possible to conjugate 하다 or 되다 at the end of the clause to reflect that something “had to have” happened or “will have to” happen. For example: 그때 열심히 일해야 되었어요 = At that time I had to work really hard 10분 후에 가야 될 거예요 = We will have to go in 10 minutes When conjugating these types of sentences to the future, it is possible to attach ~겠다 to the final verb. For example: 밥을 먹어야 하겠다 = I will have to eat (rice) The construction of “~아/어야 하겠다” is often shortened to ~아/어야겠다 in speech. 밥을 먹어야겠다 When adding ~아/어야겠다 to the end of a sentence like this, the translation of “I will have to…” doesn’t perfectly reflect the purpose of this construction. When a speaker uses ~아/어야겠다, he/she has received some sort of information or signal that is causing him/her to say this sentence. For example, if you just looked at the time and realized you had to go, you could say: 나는 지금 가야겠다 It is hard to come up with a perfect translation for this in English. Some translations for the sentence above could be: I’d better get going now Remember that I always suggest to not focus too much on English translations but rather to focus on the meaning that the Korean sentence has. Below are more examples: 남자친구랑 내일 헤어져야겠다 = I’ll have to break up with my boyfriend tomorrow
To need: 필요하다 You can essentially create the same meaning of “I have to” with “I need to” in Korean by using the word “필요하다.” 필요하다 is one of those words like 있다 that feels like a verb, but is considered an adjective in Korean. Like the other adjectives-that-feel-like-verbs, this rarely becomes an issue, except for when conjugating it using the plain (diary) form. Remember, the plain form conjugation for an adjective is the same as the dictionary form. Therefore, the following would be an incorrect conjugation: 필요한다 Instead, the following would be correct: 필요하다 필요하다 can be used to sentences to have the meaning of “to need.” Again, because this word acts as an adjective, the use of the object particle (~을/를) would be incorrect: 나는 밥을 필요하다 (This sentence is incorrect) Instead, if you want to say that you “need” something, you should add the particle ~이/가 to the noun that you “need.” For example: 나는 밥이 필요하다 = I need food/rice More examples: 나는 여자 친구가 필요하다 = I need a girlfriend You can use the noun “필요” (meaning “necessity”) with verbs to create a similar meaning to using ~아/어야 하다. Let’s talk about this next.
To need to: ~ㄹ/을 필요가 있다/없다 If you want to say that you “need to” do a verb, as in: I need to eat You can add ~ㄹ/을 필요가 있다 to the stem of a verb/adjective. For example: 나는 밥을 먹을 필요가 있다 Notice the makeup of this grammatical concept. “필요” acts as a noun that is being described by a verb. For example: 밥을 먹을 필요 = The necessity to eat 있다 is then used to indicate that the person “has” that necessity. For example: 나는 밥을 먹을 필요가 있다 = I have the necessity to eat Those translations are possible, but (especially in speech) I would be much more likely to use “I need to…” For example: 나는 밥을 먹을 필요가 있다 = I need to eat Below are more examples. Also notice that you have use 없다 instead of 있다 to indicate that one does not need to do something: |